Czech Elections: “No” to Austerity and “Yes” to Strengthening the Left

The regional elections can be characterised as follows: 

§     They reflected the marked dissatisfaction of a large part of the population with the current government: ODS (Civic Democrats), TOP 09, LIDEM (a “fragment” of party Věci veřejné /Public Affairs);

§     The ČSSD (Social Democrats) also experienced a share of responsibility being attributed to them, though the party is in opposition to the government, it rules with coalition parties in some regions;

§     The KSČM (Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia) gained in strength as the representative of the radical Left;

§     Non-parliamentary parties, including established ones, played a slightly larger role, but only in some regions (in one they came first);

§     Despite public apathy, turnout was comparable to previous elections (2008: 40.3 %, 2012: 36.9 %, but parliamentary elections of 2010: 62.6 %);

§    The first round of the elections to one-third of the Senate were held concurrently to the regional elections. The Right (particularly the ODS) suffered a defeat and as it was already clear will not hold on to its previous position.

§     So-called independent candidates achieved only the most marginal of success;

§     The expected rise of extremist (right-wing populist) parties or other newly-formed parties largely focused on nationalism and right-wing Euro scepticism etc. did not take place. This does not mean, however, that there were not marked local differences. A right-wing extremist party with a total gain of 1.57 % in crisis spots that recently saw social and ethnic clashes gains, for instance, 7.55 % in Northern Bohemia in Sluknov and 13.5 % in Varnsdorf.

§     The extent of corruption and unethical behaviour on the part of the political elite, both in government and in the “opposition” ČSSD, contributed to the negative atmosphere. This was mainly reflected in the “punishing” of coalition parties and part of the ČSSD, which is also regarded as being deeply entwined with such practices. Recently there have been several revelations, including criminal proceedings over abuse of state assets and money from EU funds, among senior state officials, politicians and persons closely connected with all the parliamentary parties, with the exception of the KSČM.

§     It is true that in the middle of a parliamentary term the results of the opposition are always markedly better than those of the coalition (in the CR). However, the fall of the bigger parties has been greater in percentage but also in number of mandates (the ODS lost 78, the ČSSD lost 75). By contrast, the KSČM gained 68 mandates. TOP 09, which was not fully constituted in the last elections, gained 37 seats, though in the context of its overall result it ranked among the losers. The KDU-ČSL (Christian Democrats) remained at practically the same level (+ 5 seats). Prague has a particular position: while it is regarded as a region, elections take place there along with municipal ones (which were not held this year). 

How should we assess the outcome for the Left? 

In almost all the regions, the ČSSD and KSČM can form majority coalitions. In the previous election period they were in open coalitions in two regions, and the results show that citizens assessed them positively. In some other regions there were minority ČSSD governments with the tacit support of the KSČM, or other coalitions were formed and the KSČM was in opposition. It has been shown that these coalitions did not bring the ČSSD better results in this year’s polls. A key question now facing the ČSSD is as to whether it is willing to enter open coalitions with the KSČM, or whether it will look for ways to avoid this, even though it is aware of the danger that voters will not forgive it for joint local government with the right-wing governing coalition.

Voting for the KSČM ticket (which included party members and non-members) can be characterised as follows: It is a rejection of liberal capitalism and its concept of cuts; burdening the citizens, employees, the middle class and pensioners with the costs of the crisis of the system; and affecting the owners of capital as little as possible. It is also an expression of disgruntlement with the policies of the ČSSD, understood as an effort to do away with the most palpable impacts on the middle class but rarely putting forward demands for more fundamental changes. The third reason could consist in the fact that in the last parliamentary elections new parties with very unclear programmes but very attractive slogans scored considerable successes. They subsequently let down their voters, who this time cast their votes far more carefully and did not go in for major experimentation (for example a party Věci veřejné /Public Affairs had obtained 10.88 % in parliamentary elections and only 0.25 % now). Therefore the KSČM ticket, and the party’s critical profile, attracted their interest. Other radical left organisations did not stand in the elections, if we do not count the KSČ (Communist Party of Czechoslovakia). Its roots are based in the Communist Party (before 1989) and therefore it can be viewed as representative of communist orthodoxy. The party’s results (it stood in only four regions) did not influence the overall outcome (total 0.55 %, the best 2.21 % in one region). Neither did the ballot papers see a particularly impressive showing on the part of representatives of left-wing NGOs, citizens’ associations, etc. Such groups very much underestimated the preparatory period and did not put forward their own proposals, did not hold negotiations with the KSČM and did not particularly assert themselves either in formulating programme documents or on joining KSČM tickets. The performance of the Greens was also negligible (1.75 %). Only in a coalition Greens have some mandate in one region.

The KSČM’s good results were the consequence of the party’s long-term pragmatic and considerate, practical policy. From time to time, some functionaries make “principled” speeches or visibly display their loyalty to “ideas” and pull no punches in their sharp criticism of capitalism. However, at the regional and municipal levels in particular, a policy of taking an effective approach is followed, slowing the asocial steps of the government and contributing to shaping a positive picture of the KSČM among the public. Programme issues were not at the forefront in this year’s elections, with the presentation of all parties’ manifestos transformed into short slogans. The KSČM, whose electorate is over 10 times bigger than its membership, must be aware that many voters are not willing to go beyond capitalism and are in essence scared of fundamental changes to the system. The main aim of the bulk of left-wing voters is a kind of modification of the welfare state. This is reflected in the practical political work of KSČM representatives.

From the left-wing perspective, these elections are also testimony to the failure of radical left alternatives outside the KSČM. They failed to present alternative radical left variants of social development. Neither, and that is due to the passivity of such organisations, did they put forward concepts of European left-wing unity and a common approach. The KSČM is very wary of European integration and in essence opposed to the EU in its current form, which is the reason why a fundamental European “tone” could not have been expected of it. In the case of non-Communist radical left-wing groups, the anti-communism of some among them is quite pronounced, for instance in the rejection of the party system as such. However, in reality such ideas have a negligible chance of resonating in society; if they are visible externally, it is in the form of electoral abstinence.

The international political aspect

My last remark touches on the international political aspect of these "local" elections. It has been confirmed that there is in Czech society a stable (and now somewhat rising) block of left-oriented citizens who believe that traditional social democracy is not capable of fulfilling their ideas as to how society ought to be run. Therefore they have given significant support to a radical left organisation. In its way, this is a unique situation among the post-communist countries. In a long-term perspective, the KSČM is the only such relevant power in Central and Eastern Europe. This should be taken into consideration in the shaping of left-wing European strategy. The Central and Eastern European space urgently requires a common radical left-wing policy, and it is clear today that, without the active integration of this Left in the Czech Republic, this is not possible. Therefore it is absolutely necessary that in the short term even non-traditional ways be found to restart active and strategic cooperation. The complicated situation of the EU, and the political contingencies unfolding from it, demand that the European Left finds new types of cooperation and more effective coordination.

Election into regional councils in Czech Republic held in October 2012

13 regions – 7.472.000 voters
(in Prague there has been election already in 2010 – 943.500 voters)

CSSD – Czech Social Democratic Party
KSCM – Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia
ODS – Civic Democratic Party; it is liberal conservative, anticommunist and is notably Eurosceptic
KDU-CSL – The Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People’s Party is a political party expressing Christian democratic views
TOP 09 – It is a conservative and democratic party (more conservative). 
The current ruling coalition: ODS + TOP 09 + LIDEM did not participate in this election.

Second round of the senate election: The Left cemented its dominant position

The second round of the Senate election was held on 19-20 October and confirmed the strengthening of the Left. This time, the winner was the ČSSD (Social Democrats), it means a moderate Left. KSČM (Communists) defended one senatorial seat, but lost in direct duels in the 2^nd round with SD 9:1. The losses of the Right continued as aspected. The ODS defended only 4 electoral districts and lost 9 seats.

After this election the Senate (total 81 seats) is constituted as follows: ČSSD – 46 seats, KSČM – 2 seats, ODS – 15 seats, TOP 09 – 4 seats, Green – 1 seat, Pirates (in coalition with Christian democrats and Greens) – 1 seat. The turnout was only 18.6 %, the lowest lay by less than 10 %. The highest turnout was in Prague 8, where the direct “confrontation” between KSČM (vice chairman J. Dolejs) and ODS (its candidate was supported by the Czech president and party leaders overtly) placed 30 %. The result was 62.5:37.5. Prague remains still to be a fortress of the Right.